The Ethnic German Refugee in Austria 1945 to 1954

I. Introduction.- Definitions.- Refugee.- Ethnic German Refugee.- Expellee.- Displaced Person.- Austrian Government Refugee Nomenclature.- (Fremdsprachige Flüchtlinge) Non-German Speaking Refugees.- (Deutschsprachige Flüchtlinge) German Speaking Refugees.- (Deutsche Staatsangehörige) German Citizens.- (Südtiroler) South Tyroleans.- (Auslandjüdische Flüchtlinge) Alien Jewish Refugees.- II. Historical Background of the Ethnic German Refugee in Austria.- A. Ethnic German Groups in Austria Exceeding 100,000.- The Danube Swabians.- Historical Development.- Economic Aspects.- Cultural and Social Aspects.- Recent Migratory-Dispersions.- The Sudeten Germans.- Geographical.- Ethnic Groups.- Historical Development.- Economic Activity.- Recent Migratory Trends.- B. Ethnic German Groups in Austria Numbering 5-20,000.- The Transylvanian Saxons.- Historical Development.- Transylvanian Social Institutions.- Economic Aspects.- Migratory Dispersions.- The Carpathian Germans.- Historical Development.- Four Linguistic Islands.- Migratory Dispersions.- The Slovenian Germans.- The Kocevje Settlement (Gottschee).- Ethnic Germans diffused among Slovenian Population.- The Bukovina Germans.- Historical Development.- Recent Migratory Dispersions and Other Related Aspects.- Ethnic Germans from Polish Galicia.- C. Ethnic German Refugees in Austria Numbering Less Than 5,000.- Bosnia and Herzegovina.- The Ethnic Germans from Russia.- Sathmar (Satu-Mare) Romanian Ethnic Germans.- Ethnic Germans from Bulgaria.- The Bessarabian Germans.- Summary.- III. Statistical and Demographic Aspects.- A. Introduction.- B. Regional Distribution in Austria.- Distribution by Occupation Zones.- US Zone.- British Zone.- French Zone.- Soviet Zone.- Vienna.- Location of Naturalized Ethnic Germans.- C. Age and Sex Structure of the Ethnic German Refugee.- D. Naturalization.- Ethnic Groups.- Czech Ethnic Germans (Sudeten and Carpathian Groups).- Danube Swabians.- Saxons, Bukovina, Satu-Mare, Bessarabian Germans.- Ethnic Germans from Austrian Border Regions.- Stateless Categories.- Naturalization Decline.- E. Emigration.- Ethnic Groups Emigrating.- Organizations Assisting Refugee Emigration.- The Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration.- Voluntary Agencies Assisting Emigration.- The Emigration Outlook for Ethnic Germans in Austria.- Summary.- IV. The Legal Status of the Ethnic German Refugee in Austria.- A. General Remarks and Definition of Statelessness.- B. Authorities and Competences Regulating Refugee Life in Austria.- U.N. Subsidiary Organizations.- The UNRRA.- The IRO.- The UNHCR.- C. Public and Private Rights of the Ethnic German Refugee in Austria.- Public Rights.- Alien Movement in Austria.- Entry into Austria.- Establishment of Identity.- Residence Permission.- Travel Documents.- Petition for Grace and Amnesty.- Expulsion and Extradition.- Gainful Employment.- Wage Earning.- Placement of Invalids.- Establishment of Trade or Business.- Physicians.- Jurists.- Public Relief.- Social Insurance.- Emergency Aid.- Pensions for Ethnic German Regufees.- Access to Courts as Plaintiff or Defendent.- Right of Association.- Public Education.- Apprenticeship.- Private Rights.- Family Rights.- Marriage.- Divorce.- Adoption.- Rights of Property.- Housing.- Other Property Rights.- D. Naturalization Procedure.- The Waiver (Verzichtrevers).- The Effect of Naturalization upon Wife and Children.- German Citizenship Law (Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz).- E. The Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.- Summary.- V. The Economic Status of the Ethnic German Refugee in Austria.- A. The Agrarian Sector.- Farm Labor Shortage.- Austrian Government Refugee Integration Scheme.- Available Land Supply.- Principal Refugee Groups to be Considered.- Limiting Factors.- Salzburg Refugee Farm-Integration Conference.- AFSC Farm Loan Program.- Heimat Oesterreich.- Other Organizatons.- Summary.- B. The Industrial Sector.- Ethnic Germans in Industry.- Trade Unions.- Gablonz Industry.- Handicraft and Independent Trades.- Estimates for the Future.- Summary.- C. Housing Conditions.- Housing Control Law.- Refugee Housing.- Approximation of Total New Construction.- Estimated Need.- Advantage of Permanent Construction.- Summary.- D. Welfare Assistance.- Uncertain Status of the Ethnic Germans.- Voluntary Welfare Agencies.- Welfare Aid by the Austrian National Government.- Permanent Welfare vs/Integration.- Co-ordination of Activities.- Summary.- E. Refugee Finance Institutions and Projects.- Refugee Finance in Styria.- Refugee Bank for All Austria.- Organization of Refugee Credit System in Austria.- Summary.- VI. The Social, Political and Psychological Status of the Ethnic German Refugee in Austria.- A. Social Status.- Camp Life and the Family.- Religion.- Public Education and Vocational Training.- The Aged and Disabled.- Broken Families.- Ethnic German War Veterans.- B. Socio-Political Organization.- Social and Cultural Groups.- The Ethnic German Regional Advisory Offices.- The Ministerial Committee for Refugee Affairs.- The Federal Advisory Council to the Ministerial Committee for Refugee Affairs.- Federal Office for Refugee Resettlement.- Austrian Governmental Administration of Refugee Affairs.- C. Political Factors.- The „Proporz” System.- Refugee Newspapers.- D. Psychological Aspects.- General.- The Ethnic German Refugee and the Non-German Speaking Refugee.- Summary.- VII. A Summary of Past Contributions and Future Needs.- A. The Austrian Contribution to the Ethnic German Refugee.- B. The Ethnic German Contribution to Austria.- C. Ethnic German Refugee Needs in Austria.- Curriculum Vitae.